Wrth bori mewn papurau newydd o ddiwedd y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg, fe welwch fod trafod o dro i dro ar ddiflaniad Cymry Cymraeg ‘brodorol’ Caerdydd.

Roedd gan y dref yr adeg honno ei ffurf ei hun ar y Wenhwyseg, y dafodiaith leol draddodiadol. Ond er bod niferoedd siaradwyr Cymraeg Caerdydd ar gynnydd, llai a llai a siaradai hen dafodiaith Gymraeg Caerdydd. Mae’n destun rhyfeddod, felly, ein bod ni heddiw yn gallu gwrando ar leisiau’r to olaf o unigolion a fagwyd yn siarad y Wenhwyseg leol yn y Gaerdydd bresennol neu’n agos iawn ati.

Mae gwrando arnynt yn brofiad sy’n gofyn am ychydig o ymdrech ar ein rhan. Ar adegau, waeth cyfaddef ddim, mae rhyw afrwyddineb yn nodweddu geiriau rhai o’r siaradwyr olaf hyn. Nid niwsans mo hynny, chwaith, ond rhywbeth sy’n gwbl, gwbl greiddiol i’r profiad. Hen bobl yw’r rhain ac mae olion y degawdau i’w clywed ar eu lleisiau.

Ac yn achos sawl un, nhw yw siaradwyr Cymraeg olaf y llinach. Mae eu perthynas â’r iaith wedi breuo o flwyddyn i flwyddyn ac o ddegawd i ddegawd.

Ond yn yr afrwyddineb hwnnw — ac yn wir yn eu Saesneg — y daw eu profiadau’n fyw.

Dyna lle clywn ôl addysg a anwybyddai’r Gymraeg; dyna lle clywn effaith diffyg trosglwyddo rhwng cenedlaethau; a dyna lle’r ymdeimlwn â realiti shifft ieithyddol. Ond er gwaethaf hynny oll, mae yma wir brydferthwch.

Enwau'r ddinas - o Blwyf Mair i Lanetarn

Y cynharaf ohonynt yw Edward Watts (1840–1935) o Landdunwyd ym Mro Morgannwg. Fe’i recordiwyd pan oedd yn hynafgwr dros ei ddeg a phedwar ugain.

Cofiai ymweld â Chaerdydd tua chanol y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg ac wrth sôn am safle hen neuadd y dref yn ‘Plwyf Mair’ mae’n cofnodi elfen o ddaearyddiaeth Gymraeg Caerdydd sydd bellach wedi ei cholli.   

A dyna chi Tom Lewis y ‘trychwr’ o ‘Rwbina’ (nid ‘o Riwbeina’ fel y dywedai llawer ohonom heddiw).

A’r Husbands — cynnyrch cymuned amaethyddol Llanishan, Llys-fæ̂n a Llanetarn, chwedl hwythau (ond Llanisien, Llys-faen a Llanedern i ni, debyg iawn).

Caerdydd wahanol iawn oedd Caerdydd llawer o’r lleisiau hyn. Ond hebddyn nhw a’u tebyg, gwahanol iawn fyddai ein Caerdydd ninnau.

Llys Llywelyn, the Museum’s latest historical building project, is nearing completion and scheduled to open in October.

For more background information about the recreated Llys, see these articles:

https://museum.wales/blog/2015-04-22/Llys-Rhosyr-revealing-the-past/

https://museum.wales/blog/2015-11-09/The-Bishops-Palace-Hereford/

https://museum.wales/blog/2016-01-06/Llys-Llywelyn-framing-the-past/

https://museum.wales/blog/2017-08-21/Llys-Llywelyn---brace-yourself/

An important aspect of recreating this 12^th century Royal court is the decorative painting scheme within the hall. Buildings from this period often feature an abundance of finely carved stonework, depicting human or animal heads and repeating geometric patterns. They would have been painted originally and only in rare cases does the painted pattern survive.  

So that the hall can look the part, we are recreating common painted themes in the Romanesque style of the period with the help of our Conservation volunteers. The white-washed window reveals are being painted to resemble cut and dressed blocks of masonry known as ashlar. This was a common trick used to make a building look more expensive than it was.

The substantial timber frame within the Hall is also being painted. The oak posts are decorated with alternating red and white chevrons based on the carved stone columns seen within the 12^th century Penmon Priory in Anglesey. As this is only 19 miles from the site of the original court at Rhosyr this is a primary source of information. The large semi-circular arches that bridge the distance between the posts are also being painted. As these are so high-up, we’re using modern lifting platforms to help us reach. They are also decorated to mimic ashlar blocks.

The posts and whitewashed walls are prepared for the paint by applying a liquid size made from boiled rabbit-skin. A top-coat of red ochre or chalk white is then applied. The distinctive painting scheme will be complemented by colourful embroidered cloths that will adorn the high-status end of the hall. Along with fine tableware, they will help create a Hall fit for Princes.

Llys Llywelyn is part of a major redevelopment project  to transform St Fagans National Museum of History. It is funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund through the National Lottery, the Welsh Government and many others.

This week, we are bringing an iconic collection to Wales: a very rare example of Welsh Suffragette memorabilia, which once belonged to activist Kate Williams Evans.

Kate Williams Evans, Suffragette
[Photo: Catherine Southon Auctioneers]

Kate Williams Evans - from mid Wales to Holloway Prison

Born in Llansanffraid in 1866, Kate Williams Evans travelled to Paris as a young woman, where she developed a keen interest in politics. On returning to Wales, she joined the Women’s Social and Political Union – and, against her parents’ wishes, she became a suffragette.

On 4 March 1912, she was arrested and charged with ‘Malicious Damage’, and ultimately spent 54 days in Holloway prison. The collection contains letters which graphically illustrate the conditions in Holloway, and provides details about Kate’s hunger strike and the force-feeding she endured.

Hunger Strikes and Force-Feeding

Kate Evans' Hunger Strike Medal
[Photo: Catherine Southon Auctioneers]

Hunger-striking women were routinely restrained and force-fed by prison authorities – a practice which became a powerful propaganda tool for the suffragettes. The collection acquired by Amgueddfa Cymru includes an extremely rare Suffragette Hunger Strike Medal, given to Kate as an acknowledgement of the treatment she received in prison.

Only 100 Hunger Strike medals are known to exist – this is the only one thought to have been awarded to a Welsh Suffragette. The medal, along with Evans’ collection of letters and photographs, is of national importance – and will become part of Wales’ national collection.

The Centenary and Beyond - Telling Wales' Story

It has been ninety years since all women gained the right to vote, and the Centenary of the Representation of the People Act – which allowed some women to vote – has allowed us to revisit our suffrage collections.

Banner of the Cardiff Cardiff & District Women's Suffrage Society. Made by Rose Mabel Lewis, President of the Society

The national collection holds many items from the history of law-abiding suffragists, including their iconic banners. Until today, the story of militant suffragettes from Wales was missing from the picture – these items very rarely come up for auction and so this has been a very exciting acquisition. It means we can now tell a more inclusive story, which is both personal and national.

Making History at St Fagans

With new galleries due to open at St Fagans National Museum of History in October this year, and improved research facilities in the Weston Centre for Learning, it is a timely and significant addition to Wales’ national collections.

The new galleries at St Fagans will be opening in October

The new galleries are part of a major redevelopment project – the biggest in the history of St Fagans - which has been realised thanks to substantial funding raised by players of the National Lottery, the Welsh Government and other supporters.

Plastic lasts for generations. The National Museum Cardiff Youth Forum and other youth groups across Wales are raising awareness of its disastrous effect on nature, by dumping plastic waste in the marine galleries at National Museum Cardiff.

"We want to use the museum to send out a message: Everyone needs to do more to fight pollution." a No Môr Plastic spokesperson said

The mountain of sea plastic was collected over the summer from beaches between Porthcawl and Ogmore, in south-east Wales.

Another plastic delivery arrives at the museum

Surfers Against Sewage have been campaigning for the protection of coastlines and marine life since 1990, and regularly host beach cleans. According to Alun Moseley, activist and surfer:

"I've been surfing for a long time, and I've certainly seen an increase in the amount of sea pollution over the last few years. The type of waste has changed too - a lot more surfers are getting sick.

But there's also been an increase in interest - people wanting to know more about what they can do, especially young people. That's why this intervention is a strong step forward: young people will inherit this situation - and it's not fair"

No Môr Plastic can be seen in National Museum Cardiff from 31 July until August 5. 

What's the Project all about?

“Saving Treasures; Telling Stories” is an all-Wales Project about bringing archaeology to life and enabling community engagement.

It is funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and administered by Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales in partnership with the Federation of Museums and Galleries in Wales and the Portable Antiquities Scheme in Wales.

At Powysland Museum the project takes as its starting point the existing collections of archaeological jewellery in the three local authority museums in Powys: Powysland Museum in Welshpool, Radnorshire Museum in Llandrindod Wells and Brecknock Museum and Art Gallery in Brecon.

Some of the objects have been acquired by the museums as recent treasure finds, while others have been in the collections for several years.

What is Powysland Museum doing?

The project encompasses:

• a temporary exhibition on archaeological jewellery from the museums in Powys.
• engagement with a number of community groups in story-writing sessions, art and jewellery workshops and research inspired by the artefacts and their stories, to be displayed in the exhibition.
• art and craft activities, “finds open days” and other events for a wider audience during the exhibition period.

Community Partners

The museum has been working with a number of partners to deliver the promised outcomes, such as Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, the poet and writer Pat Edwards and the artist Andrew Logan.

The community partners have included Welshpool High School’s Art department, Buttington-Trewern Primary School, Welshpool Camera Club, Llanfair-Caereinion Historical Society, Welshpool Young Carers and Welshpool Kaleidoscope group.

Working with Welshpool Poetry Festival

One of the bonuses of having Pat Edwards involved in the project was that she transferred the idea of archaeological jewellery to the annual Welshpool Poetry Festival, of which she is the founder and the organiser.
 
Every year the poetry festival holds a competition and this year’s theme was ‘jewels’. For the ‘Young People’s Poetry Competition (Ages 7-14) the winners were:

• First Prize – ‘My Jewel’ by Nancy Gargiulo from Criftins Primary School
• Second Prize – ‘Jewel’ by Lila Melnykevicova
• Third Prize – ‘Silver’ by Maisie from Berriew School

Powysland museum is delighted to be able to display these poems and others along with their Saving Treasures-funded Archaeological Jewellery exhibition.