: Collections & Research

The Voices from the Archives series is based on recordings in the Oral History Archive at St Fagans National History Museum. Connected to the agricultural activities, demonstrations and displays at the Museum - they provide an insight into the lives and histories of farming people, the agricultural practices in the past, how they developed into contemporary agriculture.

Lambing in Pembrokeshire, 1984

March is lambing time at Llwyn-yr-eos Farm, the Museum’s working farm. Lambing in the past and present was described by Richard James, Portfield Gate, Pembrokeshire, south west Wales, in a recording made in 1984. Aged 79, he recalled lambing in an interview about his life in farming, but also described how it was being done on a farm in the area in the year of the interview. The following short clips are from the recording.

Pembrokeshire born and bred, Richard James had farmed at Lambston Sutton in the south west of the county. It stood between the large county town of Haverfordwest a few miles to the east, and the coastline of St Bride’s Bay to the west. The lowland coastal areas, warmer climate and lower rainfall made agriculture more diverse than in many other parts of Wales, with the keeping cattle and sheep and the growing of early potatoes and cereal crops. The coastal areas could be exposed to the winds and rain from the Atlantic Ocean though, and weather conditions could strongly influence lambing, to which Richard James refers in the first clip:

When lambing was to take place was decided by when the ewes were put to the rams. Up until then the rams on the farm had to be kept separate from the sheep. It was always a concern that rams might break through a poor fence or hedge and cause lambing to start at the wrong time. Also, a ram of poorer quality or a different breed from another flock could also result in poorer quality lambs and reduced income. After mating, a ewe is pregnant for between 142 and 152 days, approximately five months or slightly shorter.

In this clip, Richard James describes at what time of year lambing took place on a local farm, and how it was being done by a farmer using a former aircraft hangar.

The final clip is about working the day and night shifts:

A New Big Cat for Amgueddfa Cymru

We are very pleased to announce that we have a new arrival! Bryn the Sumatran Tiger.

Bryn the Sumatran Tiger

He spent his life at The Welsh Mountain Zoo in Colwyn Bay and was one of its most iconic residents. In his lifetime he gave pleasure to all of the zoo’s visitors, helping to raise the profile of the plight of his species, as Sumatran Tigers are critically endangered. He had a relaxed and amiable personality and so was a key part of The Welsh Mountain Zoo’s 'Keeper for the Day' and 'Animal Encounter' experiences. He sadly died of natural causes in August 2016 at the grand age of 17, which is pretty good for a tiger. He has been portrayed in a natural walking position as if prowling through the jungle looking for prey. He certainly gave our security staff a few frights when he arrived! Standing by him you get a real feeling of the beauty and power of these amazing animals.

Sumatran Tigers only live on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and are the subject of intensive worldwide conservation efforts to save the species. Their numbers have declined drastically over recent years despite these efforts and it is estimated that less than 400-500 tigers remain in the wild. Habitat loss, illegal trade and lack of food have all contributed to this decline. Millions of acres of their forest habitat are cut down every year to make way for intense crop plantations such as palm oil and acacia. This means there is less prey for them to hunt, and that tiger populations have become fragmented, further risking the recovery of the species. The illegal trade in tiger parts is still common despite full national and international protection and tiger parts are openly sold on the island.

But why have a Sumatran Tiger in a Welsh museum? Why have stuffed animals at all? This is a really common question that we are asked at the museum. Museums play an important role as storehouses for biodiversity, keeping a record of a species for posterity. For example we have extinct animals like the Tasmanian Wolf and Great Auk in our collections, we even have a Dodo skeleton. With wild Sumatran tiger numbers as low as they are, it is pertinent now more than ever, to keep a record of this species.

Often museums are one of the first places that people are able to encounter wildlife up close. This puts us in a fantastic position to talk about threatened wildlife, not just abroad, but on our own doorstep. Remember, it is not just exotic species in far-flung places that are in trouble. So we use these iconic specimens to grab your attention and talk about a whole range of issues affecting wildlife around the globe. We want to make our visitors more aware of the natural world around them and to empower them to take a more active role in both enjoying and preserving it.

Bryn will feature at our International Tiger Day on July 29th 2017, so you will have the opportunity to come and see this enigmatic creature up close. So come along, take part in some activities, learn more about what museums do with their collections and what you can do to help tigers like Bryn get off the endangered list!

You can learn more about Sumatran Tigers and what the WWF are doing to protect them here.

You can learn more about protecting British wildlife by looking on The Wildlife Trust website, and RSPB website.

You can learn more about the Vertebrate collections at the museum here.

We wrote of dust before, for example here and here. The museum is like your home, dust gathers everywhere. Unlike my own house though, the museum is very, very big. The museum's dust problems are correspondingly large.

Last year a student from Cardiff University, Stefan Jarvis, undertook a dust monitoring project in the museum. Stefan was studying for an MSc in Care of Collections, which is a subject very close to my heart. Stefan is also the author of one of our guest blogs. Stefan placed a large number of dust traps around the museum building: in stores and exhibition galleries. You may be familiar with some of the galleries he investigated: our Geology gallery with the dinosaurs, the current “Wriggle” exhibition on worms, the Whale gallery and the Organ gallery where we display some of the largest paintings in the museum.

Collecting dust is really easy: prepare a sampler. Leave it out in a suitable location. Wait. For. Four. Weeks.

Once Stefan had gathered some dust he analysed the samples: he identified each particle under the microscope and determined where they all came from. This is where things started getting really interesting. For while undertaking scientific investigations are often laborious and involves much routine work, the results are often extremely illuminating.

This is what Stefan found:

• More dust accumulates in areas of high traffic (i.e., many people walking past).
• More dust accumulates at low levels (the closer you get to floor level the more dust you will find).
• Dust composition differs between spaces. For example, most dust fibres in a library store are paper fibres, while most fibres in public galleries are textile fibres, hair and skin.
• We found biscuit crumbs on the dust samplers in two galleries. This indicates that food was being consumed in these galleries.

Now, we love having people in the museum. In fact we undertake some of our collection care work during museum opening hours so that you can see what we are up to a lot of the time. Therefore, we are happy to accept that visitors always leave us a little reminder that they have been, in the form of a few dust particles. You can feel a ‘but’ coming on: but we do not encourage the eating of biscuits (or any other foodstuffs) in our galleries. Eating food in our galleries bears the risk of small amounts of food ending up on the floor, in displays, behind cupboards - or, as part of dust. Food encourages the spread of pest insects which, once they have eaten all the available biscuit crumbs, then start munching our collections. This is not something we endorse, because we try to preserve our collections for you to enjoy.

This means you can actually help us preserve the collections - by not eating in the galleries. We will be doing more work on this in the near future, by encouraging visitors to consume food in our fabulous restaurant or cosy cafe, not in galleries. In the meantime, we really do appreciate your cooperation and understanding for our no-food-in-galleries policy.

Find out more about Care of Collections at Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales here.

This year, Oakdale Workmen’s Institute – or the ’Stute as it was known locally – is celebrating its centenary. Built during the First World War, it was at the very heart of community life in Oakdale until the late 1980s when it was moved to the Museum. To mark this important milestone, we recently launched the #Oakdale100 project with the aim of re-interpreting the building and making it alive again with community voices.

As part of the project, we’ve been revisiting our archives – digging out photographs, oral history interviews and objects associated with the building. I’ve been looking specifically at the photographic collection – digitising hundreds of images, with colleagues from the Photography Department, which we previously only held in negative format. The photos document the wide range of events and activies which took place in the Institute – from the visit of Prince Albert in 1920 to amateur dramatics in the 1950s. They also capture the architecture of the building and the fixtures and fittings of each room. My personal favourite is the photo of the library, showing a young boy browsing the shelves.

As well as digitising the material we already have in the collection, we’ve also been busy making connections with the Oakdale community of today. Last year, we held a drop-in workshop in the village, encouraging local people to share their stories and scan their images for the Museum’s archive and People’s Collection Wales.

We also recently set-up a Facebook page for the project and what a response we’ve had! We’ve been inundated with anecdotes and memories, comments and photographs. It’s certainly a powerful tool for re-engaging with the community.

If you have any stories or photographs associated with Oakdale Institute, please get in touch. We would especially like to hear from you if you have photographs of parties or gigs, which we know were regular occurances at the ’Stute in the 1960s-80s.

Heddiw – 8 Mawrth – mae amgueddfeydd ac archifdai ledled Cymru yn dathlu Diwrnod Rhyngwladol y Menywod. #BeBoldForChange yw’r thema eleni – neges amserol, gwta chwe wythnos wedi’r orymdaith fawr yn Washington DC a thu hwnt. Yn y blog hwn, mi fydda i’n trafod gwrthrych o’r casgliad sy’n amlygu ysbryd debyg ar waith yn 1911-13 – sef baner a ddefnyddiwyd gan y Cardiff & District Women’s Suffrage Society i fynnu’r bleidlais i fenywod.

Dull di-drais

Er mai hynt a helynt y swffragetiaid oedd yn hawlio sylw’r wasg, roedd mwy o lawer o ‘suffragists’ yn bodoli yng Nghymru. Roedd y ‘suffragists’ yn credu mewn gweithredu heddychlon a newid y drefn drwy ddulliau cyfansoddiadol. Yn eu plith, roedd aelodau’r Cardiff & District Women’s Suffrage Society. Hon oedd y gangen fwyaf o’r National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies tu allan i Lundain. Rose Mabel Lewis (Greenmeadow, Tongwynlais) oedd wrth y llyw yng Nghaerdydd – neu Mrs Henry Lewis fel y cyfeirir ati yn nogfennaeth yr Amgueddfa! Yn gyffredinol, roedd aelodau blaenllaw'r gangen yn fenywod dosbarth canol a oedd yn adnabyddus o fewn mudiadau a chylchoedd cymdeithasol y ddinas. I godi ymwybyddiaeth o’u hachos ac i lenwi coffrau’r gangen, roedden nhw’n cynnal digwyddiadau ac yn gwerthu copïau o gylchgrawn y mudiad, The Common Cause. Mae adroddiad blynyddol y gangen ar gyfer 1911-12 yn rhestru gweithgareddau di-ri, yn eu plith dawns gwisg ffansi, gyrfa chwist a ffair sborion. Yn y flwyddyn honno, dyblodd nifer aelodau’r gangen i 920.

Crefft ymgyrchu

Rose Mabel Lewis bwythodd y faner sidan sydd bellach yng nghasgliad yr Amgueddfa – enghraifft bwerus o rym y nodwydd fel arf i ledaenu neges ac i fynegi barn. Er nad ydym yn gwybod union ddyddiad y faner, rydym yn sicr iddi gael ei defnyddio mewn protest yn 1911. Ar 17 Mehefin y flwyddyn honno, arweiniodd Rose Mabel fenywod de Cymru yn y Women’s Coronation Procession yn Llundain. Mae dogfennau derbynodi’r faner yn cynnwys nodyn o eglurhad gan un o gyn-aelodau’r gangen:

The banner was worked by Mrs Henry Lewis… [she] was also President of the South Wales Federation of Women’s Suffrage Societies + she led the S. Wales section of the great Suffrage Procession in London on June 17^th 1911, walking in front of her own beautiful banner… It was a great occasion, some 40,000 to 50,000 men + women taking part in the walk from Whitehall through Pall Mall, St James’s Street + Piccadilly to the Albert Hall. The dragon attracted much attention – “Here comes the Devil” was the greeting of one group of on lookers”.

Roedd baneri fel hyn yn rhan ganolog o ddiwylliant gweledol y mudiad pleidlais i fenywod, ac mae nifer ohonynt i'w canfod mewn amgueddfeydd ac archifdai, gan gynnwys Casgliadau Arbennig ac Archifau Prifysgol Caerdydd. Roedd trefnwyr gorymdaith fawr 1911 yn disgwyl dros 900 o faneri ar y dydd!

Dwy flynedd yn ddiweddarach, yng Ngorffennaf 1913, gwelwyd y faner ar strydoedd Caerdydd fel rhan o orymdaith yn y brifddinas i nodi’r Bererindod Fawr i Lundain (the Great Suffrage Pilgrimage). Mae casgliad yr Amgueddfa yn cynnwys lluniau anhygoel o Rose Mabel Lewis, ac aelodau eraill y gangen, wedi ymgynnull gyda’r faner tu allan i Neuadd y Ddinas ym Marc Cathays. Yn ôl adroddiad blynyddol 1913-14, roedd rhai o’r aelodau yn betrusgar ynglyn â’r orymdaith, ond wedi eu bywiogi ar ôl derbyn ymateb ffafriol ar y dydd:

It was with misgivings that some members agreed to take part in the procession, but afterwards their enthusiasm aroused and the desire to do something more in the future. The march was useful in drawing the attention of many people to the existance of our society.

Creu Hanes a’r canmlwyddiant

Yn 2018, bydd y faner i’w gweld yng Nghaerdydd unwaith eto – nid mewn rali y tro hwn, ond ymhlith llwyth o wrthrychau arwyddocaol yn ein hanes cenedlaethol fydd i’w canfod mewn oriel newydd yma yn yr Amgueddfa Werin – penllanw ein prosiect ail-ddatblygu, Creu Hanes. Cyd-ddigwyddiad amserol gan fod 2018 yn nodi canmlwyddiant Deddf Cynrychiolaeth y Bobl 1918. Hyd y gwn i, nid yw'r faner wedi bod ar arddangos ers iddi gael ei rhoi i'r casgliad yn 1950 gan y Cardiff Women Citizens' Association. Ar y pryd, ysgrifennodd drysorydd y gymdeithas honno lythyr at Dr Iorwerth Peate yn mynegi eu balchder fod y faner bellach ar gof a chadw yn Sain Ffagan:

A cordial vote of thanks was accorded to you for realising how much the Suffrage Cause meant to women and for granting a memorial of it in the shape of the banner to remain in the Museum.

Elen Phillips @StFagansTextile

Ffynonellau cynradd:

National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies: Cardiff & District Annual Report, 1911-12 (Amgueddfa Werin Cymru).

National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies: Cardiff & District Annual Report, 1913-14 (Amgueddfa Werin Cymru).

Dogfennau derbynodi 50.118 (Amgueddfa Werin Cymru).

Ffynonellau eilradd:

Kay Cook a Neil Evans, 'The Petty Antics of the Bell-Ringing Boisterous Band'? The Women's Suffrage Movement in Wales, 1890 - 1918' yn Angela V. John (gol.), Our Mothers' Land Chapters in Welsh Women's History 1830 - 1939 (Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1991).

Ryland Wallace, The Women's Suffrage Movement in Wales 1866 - 1928 (Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 2009).